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Einstein's photon and bohr's atom revisited in cavity quantum electrodynamics
jeudi 10 janvier 2013

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Descriptif

Conférence de Serge Haroche dans le cadre du séminaire de physique 2012-2013

This year, Bohr’s model of the Hydrogen atom is 100 years old. Height years after Einstein showed that light is quantized and introduced the concept of photons, the young Danish physicist announced in 1913 that matter too could be described by quanta. He postulated that, in the Hydrogen atom, only a set of orbits is allowed, corresponding to discrete energies and radiuses. He added that emission and absorption of light by the atom occurs by quantum jumps between these discrete orbits. These jumps, occurring at random times, are correlated with the appearance or disappearance of light quanta whose very existence was predicted by Einstein.

Since then, quantum theory has gained considerable precision and complexity, but remarkably, these century-old concepts remain valid. The experiments of cavity quantum electrodynamics we perform at Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel on circular Rydberg atoms, which interact with photons trapped in superconducting cavities, illustrate straightforwardly the ideas of Bohr and Einstein. The atoms we use are ruled by Bohr’s model and the photons, which we detect without demolishing them thanks to these atoms, behave like the photons Einstein thought of trapping and counting in a box. These studies can hence be considered as the realization of some thought experiments that these founding fathers of quantum theory had envisioned, yet believing they would forever stay virtual. I will describe these experiments enabling the control and manipulation of photons by atoms by showing how they illustrate the principles of quantum physics and could someday lead to interesting applications for quantum information processing

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Auteur(s)
Serge Haroche
Ecole normale supérieure / Collège de France
Physicien

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Né en 1944 à Casablanca, Serge Haroche a fait ses études à l'École normale supérieure. Il a été chercheur au CNRS, maître de conférences à l'École polytechnique, professeur à l'université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie et membre de l'Institut de France. Il a également enseigné pendant neuf ans à l'université de Yale, aux États-Unis. Fidèle à l’ENS, il y dirigea le département de physique de 1994 à 2000. Membre de l'Académie des sciences, il est administrateur du Collège de France depuis le 1er septembre 2012 et dirige depuis 2001, le groupe d'électrodynamique des systèmes simples au sein du laboratoire Kastler Brossel (École normale supérieure/UPMC/CNRS/Collège de France). Le prix Nobel de physique 2012 lui a été décerné pour ses travaux en physique quantique, travaux qui ont permis de mesurer et de manipuler des systèmes quantiques individuels.

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Dernière mise à jour : 05/12/2013